How to get around Java with trains, buses, and cars

Explore the best transportation options in Java, from scenic train rides and reliable buses to car rentals with drivers and budget-friendly flights.

An aerial view of a train traveling through farmland with Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu in the background, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Photo by Alfian Widiantono/Getty Images

By Rochem Noor and Sarah Oktaviany

Navigating Java might feel daunting at first, but traveling across Indonesia’s most populous island is far easier than you might expect. With a variety of reliable options—scenic trains, long-distance buses, affordable flights, and private car rentals—it’s possible to get around Java Indonesia smoothly and affordably. Whether you’re hopping between cities or exploring remote regions, this comprehensive guide offers practical advice and insider tips to help you choose the best way to travel.

Domestic flights: convenient but not always quicker

Flying is often the go-to option for those wanting to travel fast. Several domestic routes connect Java’s key cities, with flight times generally under an hour. However, getting around Java Indonesia by air can be more time-consuming than it appears. From dealing with Jakarta’s traffic to clearing airport security and enduring delays, the overall travel time often matches that of the train.

To book domestic flights, local platforms like Traveloka and tiket.com are far more user-friendly than airline websites, which sometimes reject foreign credit cards. While local low-cost carriers dominate the skies, Garuda Indonesia remains the most reliable option, especially if you're catching an international connection. Expect sudden cancellations with budget airlines, and always plan with buffer time.

Scenic and efficient: Java’s railway system

Arguably the most enjoyable way to get around Java Indonesia is by train. The railway connects major cities like Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surabaya, and Yogyakarta, making travel between urban hubs smooth and scenic. Trains are clean, on time, and affordable, with Executive Class offering large reclining seats, strong air conditioning, and onboard food services.

Booking train tickets is easiest through Traveloka, especially for international travelers facing card issues with the official KAI Access app. Tickets for popular routes such as Jakarta to Yogyakarta tend to sell out quickly, so booking 30–45 days ahead is advisable.

For a more luxurious option, panoramic trains offer larger windows and upgraded services, while the new Whoosh high-speed train zips from Jakarta to Bandung in just 45 minutes. Trains in Java provide both efficiency and beauty—ideal for travelers who value the journey as much as the destination.

Long-distance buses: a mixed but often reliable experience

Buses remain one of the most versatile and affordable ways to get around Java Indonesia. The experience ranges from surprisingly pleasant to unpredictably chaotic, largely depending on the operator and vehicle quality. Reliable companies like Rosalia Indah, Sinar Jaya, Harapan Jaya, and Pahala Kencana run comfortable Executive and Super Executive coaches, often with reclining seats and onboard snacks.

Buses make meal stops at roadside restaurants, and travelers should be careful to photograph their bus and license plate to avoid confusion. Routes between major cities usually cost between IDR 250,000 and 400,000 ($16–26), and rides can last up to 14 hours depending on traffic. Sleeper buses—available on select routes—offer fully reclining seats or pods for a more restful experience.

Less reputable buses may feature broken AC, loud music, and overly aggressive driving. Onboard toilets are available but often best avoided toward the end of the journey. For convenience, buses can be booked via Traveloka or RedBus, with some operators allowing drop-offs in smaller towns en route.

Local transport: angkot

In smaller cities and rural areas, local transport comes in the form of angkot. These shared minibuses operate without fixed schedules or stops, picking up and dropping off passengers along the way. While confusing at first for tourists, they are incredibly cheap—usually under $1—and provide a window into daily life for local residents.

To use an angkot, wave one down from the roadside, hop in, and tap the ceiling or say "kiri" to signal your stop. Fares are paid in cash upon exiting. Though far from comfortable, they’re an authentic way to get around Java Indonesia, especially for short city trips.

A popular example is the angkot service from Probolinggo to Cemoro Lawang, the base for Mount Bromo treks. These only leave when full, so travelers should be prepared to wait or negotiate a shared fare with other passengers.

Renting a motorbike: limited options and safety concerns

Motorbike adventures are popular across Southeast Asia, but Java differs in a few ways. One-way motorbike rentals—common in Vietnam—are rare here. Scooters are generally rented from and returned to the same shop, with few options beyond basic models.

Daily rentals cost between IDR 60,000 and 100,000 ($4–6), and while widely available in tourist areas, they are harder to find in more remote regions. Riders must carry a valid International Driving Permit (IDP), either the 1949 or 1968 version, as riding without one voids insurance coverage.

Traffic in Java is dense and unpredictable, making riding challenging for the uninitiated. Though many travelers still rent scooters, it's important to weigh the risks, especially in larger cities where driving culture can be overwhelming.

Car rentals: with or without a driver

Renting a car is one of the most flexible ways to get around Java Indonesia, particularly for those wanting to visit off-the-beaten-path destinations. Most tourists opt to rent with a driver, which is affordable and far less stressful. Daily rates typically start around IDR 600,000–1,000,000 ($38–63), depending on the vehicle type, travel distance, and included services.

Drivers often double as informal guides, suggesting local restaurants, scenic routes, and lesser-known attractions. Costs may or may not include fuel and tolls, so it’s crucial to clarify these details before booking.

Self-driving is less common and comes with restrictions. Many rental agencies only permit city travel and may prohibit long-distance or inter-province trips. Cars must usually be returned to the original location, making one-way journeys logistically difficult. A valid IDP is mandatory, and travelers should prepare for chaotic traffic, limited signage, and occasionally poor road conditions.

Smart combinations: mix and match for the best experience

The best way to get around Java Indonesia often involves combining multiple forms of transport. For instance, you might fly into Jakarta, take a scenic train to Yogyakarta, ride a becak to reach local attractions, and then rent a car with a driver for a journey to Mount Bromo or Ijen.

Each method of transportation has its own pros and cons, and the right choice depends on your budget, time, and comfort level. Train lovers will appreciate the views and comfort of Java’s railway system, while those short on time might benefit from flights and private drivers. For more immersive, local experiences, angkot rides or long-distance buses offer cultural encounters that can’t be replicated.

Whatever route you choose, Java’s transportation infrastructure is more than up to the task. With a bit of planning, getting around Java Indonesia can be both smooth and memorable, unlocking the full depth of this culturally rich and geographically diverse island.